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Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a class of proteins responsible for thyroid hormones and sensing steroid and certain other molecules. There are 48 genes in the human genome that code for the NRs. As the largest family of eukaryotic transcription factors, NRs control numerous processes involved in development, cell cycle, and important metabolic pathways. Generally, they activate the transcription of sets of genes in response to the binding of cognate ligands, usually small lipophilic molecules (steroids, vitamins, and fatty acid derivatives). Like many receptors, ligand binding induces a conformational change in the receptor, but unique to nuclear receptors is their ability to up- or down-regulate gene expression. This ability makes nuclear receptors interesting therapeutic and liability targets.